koqoo on Nostr: 💯 1. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) estimates: - ...

💯

1. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) estimates:
- The global shadow economy is equivalent to 13-15% of worldwide GDP, amounting to $11-13 trillion annually.

2. Study by Friedrich Schneider:
- The size of the global shadow economy was equivalent to about 31.9% of official GDP in 2020.

3. IMF (International Monetary Fund) report:
- The average size of the shadow economy across 158 countries was around 31.9% of official GDP between 1991-2015.

4. Journal of Economic Surveys paper:
- The size of the shadow economy was equivalent to 35-44% of official GDP in developing countries.
- The size of the shadow economy was equivalent to 15-17% of official GDP in OECD countries.

5. Global Financial Integrity organization:
- The value of illicit financial flows (a major component of the grey economy) was estimated to be $1.6 - $4.6 trillion per year.

6. OECD statement:
- The shadow economy can be as large as 50-60% of official GDP in some developing countries.