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There are several communities in the world that live without a formal state or outside traditional political systems. These communities are often organized through alternative social structures, based on principles such as autonomy, self-organization or respect for ancestral traditions. Here are some outstanding examples:

1- Autonomous Indigenous Communities.

Many indigenous communities maintain their own systems of governance, based on ancestral traditions, and do not depend directly on the central state.
- Zapatistas (Mexico): In Chiapas, the Zapatistas declared their autonomy in 1994. They are organized in "Caracoles" and "Juntas de Buen Gobierno," which function without intervention of the Mexican government. Their model is based on direct democracy, gender equality and social justice.
- Indigenous peoples in Bolivia and Ecuador: Some indigenous communities such as the Quechua or Aymara manage their own territory under traditional rules and customs, which are partially recognized by governments.

2- Nomadic Societies

Nomadic groups often live beyond the reach of States due to their itinerant lifestyles.
- Bedouin (Middle East and North Africa): These nomadic Arab communities have lived for centuries in the desert, guided by tribal codes. Although some have been integrated into modern states, others maintain their independence.
- Roma or Gypsies (Europe and elsewhere): Although they live dispersed in various countries, many Gypsies have maintained their own social structures, prioritizing clan life and rejecting state structures in certain aspects.

3- Anarchist communities

Groups that reject the existence of the state and seek alternative forms of social organization.
- Christiania (Denmark): An autonomous neighborhood in Copenhagen, founded in 1971, where residents manage the community through anarchist and cooperative principles, although it is technically under Danish sovereignty.
- Rojava (Syrian Kurdistan): Although not fully independent, the Kurdish-controlled region of northern Syria has established a system of self-government based on direct democracy, gender equality and ecology.

4- Isolated Religious Communities.

Groups that organize around religious principles and seek to remain outside of states.
- Amish (United States and Canada): The Amish live in closed communities with their own rules, based on a literal interpretation of the Bible, avoiding modern technology and state intervention.
- Hutterites (North America): They live in communal and self-sufficient colonies, with strict rules that limit their interaction with state systems.

5- Areas of Enforced or Failed Autonomy

In regions where state control is weak, communities create their own structures.
- Somalia: In many parts of the country, where the central government has little authority, local communities organize around tribal and religious systems.
- West Papua (Indonesia): Some indigenous communities in this remote region operate autonomously, resisting full integration into the Indonesian state.

6Ecosustainable and Alternative Communities.

Groups that choose to disconnect from the state system for philosophical or environmental reasons.
- Ecovillages: Such as Auroville (India), where people of different nationalities live together in a self-sustaining community without a formal government.

Reflection

These communities are a reminder that not all societies are organized around a modern state. Many achieve autonomy through tradition, philosophy or resistance, though they often face legal, economic or coexistence challenges with surrounding states. Are you interested in any of these in particular?