freeborn | ελεύθερος on Nostr: A further thought: Paul is eager in this Epistle to show that the Jews and Gentiles ...

A further thought: Paul is eager in this Epistle to show that the Jews and Gentiles are no longer separate, but "one in Christ," so we could also read this as him emphasizing God's oneness over "all [kinds]," which is to say, both Jew and Gentile. Look at his argument in Ephesians 2: by the tearing down of the wall of separation, he has made of the two one new man in Christ. It is a call for unity.

Also just came across an excellent commentary on Ephesians written by the Great William Hendriksen. He writes, in a footnote on the word translated "all,":

> The entire context clearly indicates that the word πάντων ["all"] is here not neuter. In the present connection the apostle has not been discussing God's relation to the universe or to nature [as as whole]."

-- William Hendriksen, _Galatians and Ephesians_, (New Testament Commentary, Baker, 1968).